Stretch Marks In Pregnancy: Can They Be Prevented?

Stretch marks. Striae Gravidarum. Stretch marks in pregnancy. Call them what you will. But they are the one thing that all women dread will occur as soon as they get pregnant. The common skin change that most pregnant women experience is the stretch marks.

But what are stretch marks anyway? And why do they occur?

Well, the reason lies in the anatomy of the skin. The skin has two layers – a thin upper layer called the epidermis, and a thicker, lower layer called the dermis. Scattered in the dermis are fine protein filaments called elastin that, like a piece of rubber band, are capable of stretching on being pulled.

But just as a rubber band can stretch only so far and no further, these elastin fibres can also be stretched only to a certain extent. If stretched further, they snap. Therefore, stretch marks are separations of the outer layers of skin caused by the overstretching of underlying layers.

What are stretch marks in pregnancy?

The increasing bulk of the uterus during pregnancy causes the skin to stretch to a great extent and the elastin fibres are torn. The torn elastin produces scars on the skin called Stria Gravidarum or stretch marks in pregnancy.

There are countless physical changes to your skin, both pleasurable and painful attributed to your pregnancy only.

Beside pregnant women, stretch marks are found on children who are obese, adolescents who have a sudden growth spurt during puberty and athletes and body builders who do constant exercises.

They occur on the lower abdomen of all pregnant women, right?

Well, right and wrong. They appear in most pregnant women, but not in all and not just on the lower abdomen. Stretch marks occur when the skin is stretched in a very short period of time, as in pregnancy or in obesity. For example, they occur:

In the lower abdomen in pregnancy.

Along the sides of the breasts either in pregnancy or in obesity.

Upper thighs.

Occasionally even on the inner sides of the upper arms.

The most commonly affected areas by stretch marks are hips, abdomen, breasts, thighs and buttocks. Stretch marks are itchy reddish marks.

But can stretch marks in pregnancy be prevented?

Thankfully, the answer is yes, to a certain extent. In pregnancy, heredity plays an important role in determining who will have and will not have stretch marks.

If your mother has had them, chances are that you will get them too, unless you were born with stretchy skin. There is no sure short remedy for stretch marks as mostly they fade after delivery.

The only way to avoid stretch marks is to prevent them

About 50 to 90% of pregnant women may have stretch marks before delivery. Although some women are genetically prone to develop stretch marks, it has been noted that athletes and women accustomed to heavy, physical labour get very few or no stretch marks. This is regardless of whether their female relatives have stretch marks or not. The reason for this is that these women have very well-developed and strong abdominal muscles.

These muscles can easily take the weight of the growing uterus and prevent it from pressing forwards on the skin – rather like wearing a strong muscular belt under the skin. The skin is thus stretched less, less elastin fibres are damaged, and there are fewer stretch marks.

Again a supple, healthy, well moisturized skin is capable of stretching more without any lasting damage. So if a woman can strengthen her abdominal muscles and keep her skin healthy and supple, there is less chance of her developing stretch marks.

But how? How do I develop my muscles and keep my skin moisturized?

Regular exercise helps to tone your muscles and keep your skin firm. Gentle exercises for the abdominal muscles can be started as soon as pregnancy has been confirmed or even as pregnancy is being planned.

Exercise 1:

Standing erect, raise both arms above the head. Bend forward slowly to touch your toes. Hold the position for a count of 100. Then slowly straighten up. Do this exercise at least once daily.

Exercise 2:

Standing erect, raise both arms above the head and clasp your hands. Now bend slowly to your left as far down as you feel comfortable. Hold for a count of 10. Straighten up slowly and then bend to your right. Hold to a count of 10. Straighten up. Exhale as you are bending and inhale while straightening up. This makes one set. Do at least 3 sets once daily.

Exercise 3:

Stand straight with feet about 12 inches apart. Place hands on your back at the waist. Slowly bend back, as far back as you feel comfortable. Hold to a count of 10. Straighten up. Now bend forward slowly, hold the position to a count of 10. Then straighten up. Exhale as you are bending and inhale while straightening up. This makes one set. Do at least 3 sets once daily.

These three exercises will strengthen the abdominal and back muscles as well as gently stretch the skin. They also improve the posture during pregnancy.

Caring for the skin to prevent stretch marks in pregnancy:

Keep the skin moisturized by applying oil – olive oil, coconut oil, almond oil or any good baby oil – thoroughly over the skin of the abdomen, hips and thighs. Massage it in with sweeping upward strokes.

To make stretch mark cream, mix 1/2 cup cocoa butter, 1 tsp wheat germ oil, 1 tsp apricot kernel oil, vitamin E oil and 2 tsp grated beeswax. Heat the mixture until cocoa butter and beeswax melt, stir well and store in air tight conditioner.

Further, One ounce of sweet almond or jojoba oil with 7-8 drops of lavender and chamomile oils is a good homemade recipe. Cocoa butter reduces stretch marks and helps to keep the skin supple.

Massage your abdomen areas liberally

You can prevent stretch marks in pregnancy by massaging vitamin E or olive oil on the abdomen areas from the start of your pregnancy. Massage it liberally over the marks after a shower. In case you skip a shower, clean the area with a wet cloth and then apply the oil.

While massaging your body with body oil, add coconut and almond oil. Daily massage with Olive oil, flaxseed oil, cod liver oil or vitamin E oil after shower or before sleeping is an excellent home remedy for either preventing or treating stretch marks.

You can do this before you exercise so that the oil is properly absorbed as the skin is stretched during exercise. This will make the skin supple and healthy and capable of stretching without damaging the elastin fibres.

Wear a glove and massage your skin to increase circulation.

To avoid stretch marks around breasts, wear a supportive maternity bra.

A Good Diet:

Avoid excessive weight gain in a short time span. Take a good diet with lots of fresh fruits and vegetables and adequate liquids. Maintain healthy diet and drink plenty of water. Plenty of proteins and vitamin C and E foods should be included in your diet. A study found a connection between low vitamin D levels and presence of stretch marks. Increase your intake of minerals such as zinc and silica to maintain healthy skin. And do not forget your daily vitamins. This will ensure a healthy and supple skin, and prevent stretch marks in pregnancy.

But what happens if the stretch marks have already occurred? How do I get rid of them?

The good thing about stretch marks in pregnancy is that they fade over time. When they are first formed, they are reddish or purplish, but later they become thin silvery lines that may not be visible at first glance.

The bad thing about stretch marks in pregnancy is that they can be removed permanently only by surgery. The elastin and collagen growth can be stimulated to some extent by cocoa butter, Vitamin E, wheat germ oil and lanolin.

But to remove the marks completely, laser surgery, blue light therapy and other surgical treatments are the only options. Many creams and lotions available on the market also claim to be able to remove stretch marks but have yet to be medically proved.

Visit http://www.gynaeonline.com/care.htm to learn more about Caring for problems during Pregnancy.

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